London | 30 July 2026 | Tsering Passang |
China’s rapid emergence as a global leader in artificial intelligence is not merely a technological success story; it is also a geopolitical strategy with profound implications for the international order. As Beijing expands its influence through AI, digital infrastructure and strategic partnerships, the struggle of Tibetans, Uyghurs, Southern Mongolians, Chinese Christians and other persecuted communities risks becoming increasingly marginalised. The more indispensable China becomes as a technological partner, the more reluctant governments may become to challenge Beijing on questions of human rights.
Much of the international discussion has centred on the strategic rivalry between China and the United States over advanced AI models, semiconductor controls and technological supremacy. Yet this focus risks overlooking a broader and arguably more consequential strategy. China is using technology, education and international cooperation to cultivate long-term political influence across the Global South, positioning itself not simply as a technological power but as an indispensable development partner.
President Xi Jinping articulated this strategy during his keynote address at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance in Shanghai on 17 July. Xi announced that China will provide more than 5,000 AI training programmes and establish AI application cooperation centres over the next five years for participants from Latin America and the Caribbean, the African Union, the Arab League, ASEAN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS countries.
The scale of this initiative is striking. It encompasses countries representing nearly two-thirds of the world’s sovereign states, spanning Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Central Eurasia. This is far more than an educational programme. It represents a strategic investment in future partnerships, technical standards, institutional networks and political goodwill that could shape both the global AI ecosystem and the geopolitical landscape for decades to come.
For many developing countries, China’s offer is attractive. It provides access to technology, expertise and infrastructure without the political conditions that often accompany Western assistance. As these relationships deepen, Beijing’s diplomatic influence is likely to expand alongside its technological leadership, creating a growing network of governments whose economic futures become increasingly intertwined with China’s own.
This growing influence has significant implications for communities whose rights continue to attract international concern. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Tibet and what Beijing refers to as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (known as East Turkistan) came under the full control of the new Communist government through brutal military occupation.
Today, Beijing faces sustained international criticism over its policies in Tibet, allegations of serious human rights abuses, including genocides against the Uyghurs in Xinjiang, restrictions on cultural and linguistic rights in Inner Mongolia, and concerns over limitations on religious freedom affecting Chinese Christians and other faith communities. The implementation of China’s Ethnic Unity Law on 1 July 2026 has further intensified concerns among many observers that assimilation, rather than genuine ethnic diversity, is becoming an increasingly explicit objective of state policy. Beyond China’s borders, many activists fear the law may also have implications for diaspora communities and those campaigning internationally for the rights of persecuted peoples.
For those advocating freedom, cultural survival and human rights, this changing geopolitical environment presents an increasingly difficult challenge. As more governments become economically and technologically dependent on China, fewer may be willing to raise sensitive issues relating to Tibet, East Turkistan, Inner Mongolia or religious freedom within China. Economic interdependence can gradually evolve into diplomatic caution, and diplomatic caution can become silence.
This is why China’s AI strategy should not be viewed solely through the prism of technological competition with the West. It is equally a contest over influence, international norms and political legitimacy. The defining question is no longer simply who develops the most powerful AI systems. It is also who educates the next generation of AI leaders, establishes global standards, builds enduring partnerships and shapes the policy choices of governments around the world.
As democratic nations deepen technological cooperation with China in pursuit of innovation, investment and economic growth, they should not lose sight of the historical experiences that shaped their own commitment to liberty, democracy and human rights. Many of today’s democracies emerged from struggles against colonial domination, foreign occupation or authoritarian rule. Those experiences helped forge international commitments to self-determination, religious freedom and the protection of fundamental human rights. They should also inspire solidarity with peoples, including the Tibetans and Uyghurs, who continue to face restrictions on those same freedoms today.
The pursuit of AI cooperation and economic opportunity should not come at the expense of overlooking the plight of Tibetan Buddhists, Uyghur Muslims, Chinese Christians, Southern Mongolians and others who continue to face persecution because of their ethnicity, culture or beliefs. Constructive engagement with China need not require moral compromise. Democracies can pursue economic and technological partnerships while remaining principled and consistent in defending universal human rights.
China’s remarkable economic and technological transformation has occurred alongside decades of tightening political control and persistent repression affecting multiple minority and religious communities. For the Tibetans, Uyghurs and others, China’s rise has not brought greater freedom or cultural security but has been accompanied by increasing restrictions on language, religion, identity and political expression. As governments and institutions embrace closer partnerships with Beijing in the age of artificial intelligence, they should ensure that commercial and strategic interests do not eclipse these enduring human rights concerns.
The race for AI leadership is therefore not simply a competition over innovation or economic advantage. It is also a contest over the kind of international order that will emerge in the decades ahead. Democracies cannot afford to treat technological cooperation and human rights as entirely separate conversations. If economic dependence erodes governments’ willingness to defend universal values, they risk creating an international environment in which influence increasingly outweighs accountability.
History offers an important reminder. Democracies that once endured colonialism, foreign domination or political oppression should recognise the importance of standing alongside those who continue to seek the freedoms they themselves now enjoy. The pursuit of prosperity must never come at the cost of forgetting those whose fundamental rights remain under threat.
For Tibetans, Uyghurs, Chinese Christians, Southern Mongolians and other persecuted peoples, the future will depend not only on documenting abuses but also on ensuring that democratic governments continue to uphold the principles they profess to champion. Their voices should not become casualties of geopolitical competition or technological ambition.
Ultimately, the global race for artificial intelligence is about far more than algorithms, computing power or market share. It is a test of whether the international community can preserve the values of human dignity, freedom of belief and accountability while navigating a new era of technological transformation. If democracies fail to balance strategic engagement with principled leadership, they risk not only weakening their own moral credibility but also leaving some of the world’s most vulnerable communities with fewer allies and diminishing hope that justice will prevail.
Tsering Passang is a London-based Tibetan blogger and the founder and chair of the Global Alliance for Tibet & Persecuted Minorities. A long-standing Tibetan human rights advocate, he works internationally to advance justice, freedom, and peaceful solutions for Tibetans and other persecuted communities living under authoritarian rule. His writing can be found at www.Tsamtruk.com.
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